Articles, Reports, Studies & More (Internal)

2024

Rosa-Luxemburg Stiftung

The study analyzes costs and structures of public and cooperative housing, highlighting sustainable management and affordable rents' feasibility.

This study evaluates the management of public and cooperative housing in Berlin and Vienna, focusing on organizational structures, maintenance costs, and rental prices. It analyzes data from state-owned companies managing approximately 360,000 apartments, housing cooperatives with around 30,000 units, and Wiener Wohnen, which oversees 210,000 apartments. Key findings reveal that while state-owned companies (LWUs) and cooperatives incur higher maintenance costs (€1.62/m² and €2.43/m², respectively), Wiener Wohnen maintains lower costs at €1.27/m². The study indicates that socially-oriented housing can be managed at rents of around €5.50/m², but financing challenges for new constructions and energy retrofits are evident. The LWUs prioritize expanding housing stock, cooperatives focus on maintaining quality for members, and Wiener Wohnen emphasizes its social mission. Overall, the research underscores the need for public funding to support sustainable housing management.

Andrej Holm, Sebastian Gerhardt, David Scheller and Itziar Gastaminza Vacas

2024

TRT World

Europe's housing crisis leaves lower-income households struggling as costs rise, limiting opportunities for younger generations in expensive cities.

The video titled "What’s causing Europe’s housing crisis?" discusses the severe housing crisis affecting lower-income households across Europe due to escalating living costs and skyrocketing house prices. As rental prices continue to rise, younger generations are finding themselves with fewer opportunities than their parents had, creating a worrying trend for the future. The roundtable features three experts: Sorcha Edwards, Secretary General of Housing Europe; Manjinder Kaur Atwal, Director of Housing and Property Litigation at Duncan Lewis Solicitors; and Rory Hearne, Associate Professor in Social Policy at Maynooth University and author of "Gaffs: Why no-one can get a house." The discussion aims to uncover who can still afford to live in some of the world's most expensive cities and to analyze the underlying reasons behind the deteriorating housing situation.

Sorcha Edwards, Manjinder Kaur Atwal, Rory Hearne, and others

2024

Housing Studies

The article examines the historical development and changing role of cooperative housing in Sweden through a path dependence analysis.

The article "The changing role of cooperatives in the Swedish housing regime" by Bo Bengtsson analyzes the historical development of cooperative housing in Sweden through a path dependence perspective. It highlights three critical junctures: the Tenant-Ownership Act of 1930, the establishment of a universal housing regime post-WWII, and the 1968-1969 deregulation that led to marketization. The study reveals that national politicians and cooperative leaders were the main drivers of change, while cooperative members had limited influence. The reforms resulted in long-term stability and a shift in the cooperative sector from a social movement to a marketized tenure form, currently comprising 25% of the housing stock. The author warns of the fragility of systems based on cooperative housing due to tensions between ownership and socio-political goals, suggesting that the path dependence framework could be beneficial for analyzing cooperative housing in other countries.

Bo Bengtsson

2024

International RAIFFEISEN Union (IRU)

The article discusses the benefits and challenges of housing cooperatives, emphasizing affordability, community involvement, and management structures.

The article discusses the potential of housing cooperatives to provide affordable and quality housing in Flanders, emphasizing their unique structure that allows residents to collectively manage their living environments. Unlike traditional ownership models, cooperatives promote a sense of community and shared responsibility, enabling residents to meet their housing needs without speculative profits. The authors highlight the advantages of residential mobility and the flexibility offered by larger cooperatives, as well as the importance of cooperative values like self-reliance and democratic control. They also differentiate between various types of cooperatives, including citizen and multi-stakeholder cooperatives, and point out the need for further exploration and development of cooperative housing models in Flanders. Ultimately, the article argues that housing cooperatives can contribute significantly to addressing housing shortages while fostering sustainable and inclusive living spaces.

Lieve Jacobs, Peggy Totté

2023

WEF

The article emphasizes social value in urban transformation, highlighting public-private partnerships and investment for community benefits post-COVID-19.

The article emphasizes the importance of social value in urban transformation, particularly in the context of challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as inequality and urban decline. It highlights a shift in the private sector's approach towards urban regeneration, focusing not just on financial returns but also on the broader social outcomes of projects. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are identified as crucial for unlocking significant investment, but three key challenges remain: the time required for project delivery, the need for shared risk and returns, and the difficulty in quantifying non-financial benefits. The article concludes with a call to action for collaboration between local governments and the private sector to create innovative partnership structures that can effectively channel investment into urban regeneration projects, ultimately delivering meaningful social value to communities.

Mark Edward Rose

2022

dezeen

Hélène Chartier emphasizes urban living's sustainability, advocating for climate-resilient cities and the necessity of infrastructure for low-carbon lifestyles.

Hélène Chartier from C40 Cities emphasizes that sustainable living can only be effectively achieved in urban environments. She argues that cities are crucial in accommodating the growing global population while reducing emissions through efficient infrastructure. The latest IPCC report highlights the urgent need for cities to adapt to climate change impacts, as they currently house 55% of the population and account for 60% of emissions. Chartier calls for a focus on decarbonizing urban areas, enhancing green spaces, and implementing climate change risk assessments for all building projects. She advocates for the development of self-sufficient neighborhoods and limiting urban sprawl to create more sustainable living conditions. Additionally, she stresses the responsibility of architects in designing buildings that mitigate climate impacts and incorporate nature-based solutions to enhance resilience against climate risks.

Hélène Chartier

2024

EUobserver

The EU appoints its first housing commissioner to address homelessness and prioritize housing as a social good across Europe.

The European Commission has appointed Dan Jørgensen as its first commissioner for housing, marking a significant step towards addressing the housing crisis in Europe, where over 895,000 individuals are homeless. The new role aims to prioritize housing as a social good rather than a mere commodity. It emphasizes the need for long-term investments in affordable and inclusive housing, particularly for marginalized communities such as low-income households, single parents, and migrants. The document highlights the importance of community-driven approaches to enhance social inclusion and calls for the EU to support policies like the EU Affordable Housing Plan. The ultimate goal is to eradicate homelessness by 2030 and ensure everyone has access to stable, dignified housing, thereby fostering more inclusive societies across Europe.

Mette Petersen

2024

Institut für Städtebau und Wohnungswesen (ISW)

The study examines innovative neighborhood projects in Germany, emphasizing sustainability, community engagement, and best practices for urban development.

The study "Exemplary Projects of Neighborhood Development" by the Institute for Urban Development and Construction (ISW) provides an overview of innovative neighborhood development projects in Germany, focusing on sustainability and community engagement. Analyzing 15 selected projects, the study emphasizes integrated urban planning, active community involvement, and the use of sustainable building practices. Key findings highlight the significance of social integration through affordable housing and public spaces, as well as economic viability through mixed-use developments. Best practices identified include participatory planning, integrated design, and empowering local communities. The conclusion underscores that successful neighborhood development requires a holistic approach that balances social, economic, and environmental factors, ultimately fostering vibrant and inclusive communities. This study serves as a valuable resource for urban developers, policymakers, and community leaders seeking to enhance neighborhood development practices.

Prof. Julian Wékel, David Ohnsorge

2024

Green European Journal

Two Dutch cities implement active land policies to address housing crises, emphasizing municipal ownership and strategic land management for social benefits.

The article discusses the challenges and strategies of two Dutch municipalities, The Hague and Eindhoven, in managing land policy amid a housing crisis. Aldermen Rik Thijs and Martijn Balster advocate for municipalities to take a more active role in land management to ensure social housing and address climate issues. They emphasize the importance of municipal land ownership to control land prices and promote affordable housing. Eindhoven has adopted proactive measures by acquiring land and offering it to housing corporations at lower prices, while The Hague is exploring similar strategies. Both officials highlight the need for government support and innovative tools, such as leasehold instruments and vacancy taxes, to combat land speculation and ensure public access to land. They encourage collaboration among local administrators to enhance land policy effectiveness and achieve social objectives.

Martijn Balster, Rik Thijs

2024

Green European Journal

Barcelona residents protest against mass tourism's negative impacts, advocating for sustainable practices and equitable distribution of tourism benefits.

Barcelona is experiencing a backlash against mass tourism, which residents argue leads to soaring rents and negative social impacts. With over 26 million tourists visiting in 2023, grassroots movements have emerged, demanding restrictions on tourism to protect local communities. Protests have intensified, fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic's temporary relief from tourist crowds. Activists are calling for measures such as limiting cruise terminals and banning new tourism accommodations. In response, the city's mayor has proposed to eliminate short-term rental licenses and increase tourism taxes. Experts argue that a shift is needed from profit-driven tourism models to more sustainable practices that benefit local populations. The Neighbourhoods for Tourism Degrowth movement aims to engage in broader European discussions to reshape tourism policies, ensuring that they prioritize the needs and well-being of residents over profit.

Bianca Carrera Espriu

2024

id22

The book explores cooperative housing's potential to address social and ecological challenges through innovative community-led projects in Germany.

The eBook "Cooperative Social-Ecological Housing," published by id22 in 2024, explores innovative community-based housing solutions in German-speaking countries. It highlights how housing cooperatives can tackle crises such as climate change, housing affordability, and social inequality. The book features 12 model projects, primarily in Berlin, showcasing diverse approaches to social-ecological housing, including renovations and new constructions. Key themes include alternative ownership models, participatory planning, and the importance of community engagement. Challenges like financing and maintaining long-term involvement are also discussed. The authors advocate for more policy support and financing to enhance these cooperative models' effectiveness. Overall, the book argues that cooperative housing holds great potential for addressing social and environmental issues, providing practical insights for those interested in similar initiatives.

Michael LaFond, Giulia Carones, Alex Valder and others

2022

Housing Europe

The report analyzes cost-based social rental housing in Austria, Denmark, and Finland, highlighting sustainability, affordability, and adaptable models.

This report by Housing Europe explores cost-based social rental housing in Austria, Denmark, and Finland, highlighting key features and findings. In these countries, rents are determined by the actual costs of providing housing, ensuring long-term affordability. Austria's social housing comprises 24% of its stock, with funding from various sources and a fixed "basic rent" after loan repayments. Denmark has 20% non-profit housing, governed by strong tenant democracy, while Finland's social housing ranges from 11-20% of stock, primarily managed by municipal companies. Common strengths include financial sustainability and affordability, while challenges involve high urban land costs and adapting to demographic shifts. The report emphasizes that while principles are similar, each country tailors its model to fit local contexts, demonstrating the flexibility of cost-based systems in promoting affordable housing.

Alice Pittini, Dara Turnbull, Diana Yordanova, and others

2024

Euronews

The EU plans to appoint a housing commissioner to address the housing crisis and promote affordable housing strategies across member states.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has pledged the establishment of an EU commissioner focused on housing, addressing a growing crisis marked by rising rents and home prices across the bloc. With average rents increasing by nearly 23% and house prices by 48% from 2010 to 2023, the need for affordable housing is critical. Von der Leyen's proposal includes a European affordable housing plan aimed at not only assisting vulnerable groups but also the broader population, including students and young workers. However, there is currently a significant investment gap, and housing has not been a priority in EU discussions. Key proposals from socialists, such as regulating short-term rentals and binding targets to eliminate homelessness, have not been included in her plans. The initiative aims to leverage financial regulations and state aid rules to facilitate more investment in affordable housing, with guidelines to share best practices among member states.

Paula Soler

2022

Ecological Economics

The document discusses England's housing crisis, sustainability challenges, and explores alternative strategies to meet housing needs responsibly.

This paper examines the conflict between England's housing policies and sustainability goals, particularly concerning carbon emissions and biodiversity. The government aims to address the housing affordability crisis by committing to build 300,000 new homes annually. However, current strategies may lead to consuming England's entire carbon budget by 2050, undermining national climate goals. The authors argue that while expanding housing supply is necessary to meet unmet needs, it can exacerbate environmental degradation. They propose alternative approaches, such as retrofitting existing homes and expanding social housing, to improve affordability without further harming the environment. The study aims to identify pathways that simultaneously fulfill housing needs and adhere to sustainability objectives, emphasizing the need for a paradigm shift in housing policy to balance human rights and ecological integrity.

Sophus O.S.E. zu Ermgassen, Michal P. Drewniok, Joseph W. Bull, Christine M. Corlet Walker, and others

2023

MIT Center for Real Estate

The paper discusses rising housing prices, policy tradeoffs, and strategies for effective housing programs to improve affordability globally.

The paper titled "The Global Housing Affordability Crisis: Policy Options and Strategies" by Albert Saiz discusses the escalating issue of housing prices outpacing income growth, leading to decreased well-being and increased social unrest. It emphasizes the urgent need for proactive government intervention at both municipal and national levels. The author argues for clear articulation of housing policy objectives and acknowledgment of the tradeoffs involved. Saiz identifies thirty significant economic strategies that inform global housing policies, highlighting their advantages and limitations. He advocates for carefully targeted subsidies to mitigate adverse economic impacts, given the constraints of public resources. Through various international case studies, the paper illustrates the importance of anticipating behavioral responses from stakeholders to ensure effective program design. It concludes that successful implementation requires an unideological and professional approach to navigate the complexities of housing policy.

Albert Saiz

2024

Regiokontext

The study highlights affordable employee housing's importance for economic stability, strategic advantages, and successful collaborative initiatives in Germany.

The study "Mitarbeiterwohnen: Bezahlbares Wohnen wird zum Standortfaktor" highlights the increasing significance of affordable employee housing in Germany as a vital factor for business location decisions. It addresses the dual challenges of workforce shortages and the lack of affordable housing, suggesting that companies can gain a strategic advantage by providing such housing to attract and retain talent. The report showcases successful initiatives, emphasizing collaboration between companies, local governments, and housing associations. It recommends regulatory support and financial incentives to facilitate the development of employee housing. Additionally, it discusses the need for flexibility and sustainability in housing solutions to cater to diverse workforce needs. The study concludes that investing in employee housing is essential for economic stability and social well-being, urging companies and governments to take proactive measures for the future.

Simon Wieland, Leon Kesselhut, Arnt von Bodelschwingh und andere

2024

BritMonkey

The video explores the housing crisis's role in global issues, emphasizing affordable housing to combat inequality and improve well-being.

The video "The Housing Crisis is the Everything Crisis" by BritMonkey explores the critical role of housebuilding in addressing multifaceted global challenges, including poverty, climate change, inequality, and mental health. It underscores the need for affordable housing, citing historical successes and advocating for urban planning that promotes denser housing, which can lead to better health outcomes and reduced obesity. The high living costs in major cities are stifling innovation and exacerbating demographic issues, such as declining birth rates. The housing crisis contributes to economic and social divides, including extremism and resistance to new developments. The video further critiques housing policies like rent control and zoning laws that worsen income inequality and homelessness, stressing that addressing these barriers is vital for improving housing affordability and fostering societal well-being. Ultimately, it emphasizes that increased housebuilding is essential for preventing economic decline and enhancing quality of life.

BritMonkey

2024

Into Europe

The video discusses Europe's housing crisis, exploring causes, impacts, and potential solutions to make housing more affordable.

The video "Immigration and Europe’s Housing Crisis" explores the severe housing shortage affecting numerous cities across Europe. Key factors contributing to this crisis include rapid urbanization, rising population numbers, and a lack of adequate new housing construction. As a result, property prices and rents have soared, putting homeownership out of reach for many young people and leading to increased rates of homelessness and financial strain. The video discusses the profound impact of this crisis on individuals and communities while also proposing potential solutions. These include enacting policy reforms, boosting investments in housing, and adopting innovative building methods. It stresses the urgency of a collective response to effectively address this escalating issue and ensure that everyone has access to affordable housing.

2023

Climate Positive Europe Alliance (CPEA)

The report analyzes ESG adoption in European construction and real estate, highlighting challenges, drivers, and practical recommendations for improvement.

The "Market Insights: ESG Adoption and Implementation in EU Construction and Real Estate" report, published by the Climate Positive Europe Alliance in 2023, highlights the growing significance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issues in Europe’s construction and real estate sectors. Developed by the CPEA EU ESG Working Group, the report outlines key drivers for ESG adoption, such as regulatory requirements and investor demand, while also addressing challenges like data availability and lack of sector-specific definitions. It advocates for an integrated approach to ESG, emphasizing the need for holistic strategies that encompass environmental, social, and governance factors. The report also discusses various reporting frameworks and offers practical recommendations for improving ESG implementation, including developing clear guidelines and enhancing collaboration. Case studies from organizations like 011h Sustainable Construction and Patrizia AG illustrate successful ESG strategies, highlighting the importance of transparency and accountability in achieving sustainable practices.

Ursula Hartenberger and others

2024

Forbes

The article discusses innovative solutions for cooperative housing to address affordability, sustainability, and community engagement amidst rising housing challenges.

The article "There Is Room for Innovation in Cooperative Housing," authored by Roger Valdez, emphasizes the need for innovative approaches in the cooperative housing sector to tackle modern housing challenges. It highlights the growing issues of rising housing costs and urbanization, suggesting that cooperative housing can offer affordable and sustainable living solutions. However, traditional cooperative models are often hindered by regulatory and financial limitations. Valdez proposes embracing new financial models and leveraging technology to enhance the management of these communities. He also stresses the importance of community engagement, advocating for inclusive decision-making processes that empower residents. By adopting these innovations, cooperative housing can better adapt to contemporary needs and become a more attractive option for a wider audience.

Roger Valdez

2024

Institute for Human Rights and Business

The report addresses climate change and social inequality, advocating for inclusive policies and human rights in the built environment.

The Advancing Just Transitions in the Built Environment report by the Institute for Human Rights and Business explores the intersection of human rights and environmental sustainability in urban development. It emphasizes the dual challenges of climate change and social inequality, noting that buildings contribute significantly to global carbon emissions while cities often exacerbate socio-economic disparities. The research includes case studies from diverse cities and highlights risks like "renovictions" and "green gentrification." It advocates for inclusive policies that empower affected communities in decision-making and offers 44 recommendations for governments and investors to promote just transitions. The report proposes three guiding principles: commitment to circular economies, empowerment through education, and embedding human rights in practices. Ultimately, it calls for a shift in perception of value, prioritizing social functions over economic gains to achieve a just transition in the built environment.

Alejandra Rivera, Giulio Ferrini, Marta Ribera Carbó, and others

2024

Bertelsmann Stiftung, SEND e.V., PHINEO

The IMMPACT model aids impact entrepreneurs and investors in managing and measuring social and ecological effects during startup development.

The Immpact Framework is designed to assist impact entrepreneurs and investors in managing and measuring their social and ecological effects. It addresses the challenges faced by founders in developing their business models, securing funding, and navigating legal issues, while also emphasizing the importance of impact management in attracting investors. The framework features an IMM maturity model tailored for impact start-ups and impact investors, providing guidance on expectations and requirements at various development stages. It helps start-ups identify gaps and align with investors' needs, while investors gain insight into what to expect from start-ups in different phases. The model is based on recognized frameworks such as the IMP Five Dimensions and SDG Impact Standards. Plans are underway to make the IMMPACT MODEL accessible online and connect it with existing resources, supported by a Sounding Board of IMM experts who provide ongoing feedback.

SEND e.V., PHINEO and others

2022

Genossenschaftsverband & Zukunftsinstitut

The study highlights cooperatives' potential for sustainable rural development, emphasizing community engagement, digitalization, and addressing societal challenges.

The study "Aufbruch in die WIR-Ökonomie" highlights the significant potential of cooperatives in fostering a sustainable and efficient economy in Germany, especially in rural areas. It reveals that a majority of the population perceives cooperatives as vital for addressing societal challenges and sees them as future-oriented business models. Key megatrends like Neo-Ecology and Digitalization create new opportunities for these organizations, promoting regional production and improved living conditions. However, the study identifies challenges such as a lack of awareness among younger people and the need for better support in establishing cooperatives. Recommendations include leveraging crises for innovation, simplifying the founding process, and enhancing citizen involvement. Overall, the findings advocate for a strategic focus on cooperatives as a means to drive resilience and community engagement in the face of ongoing societal and economic changes.

Dr. Daniel Dettling

2024

POLITICO

Voters across Europe are increasingly frustrated with the lack of affordable housing, leading to protests and political urgency for solutions.

The article discusses the escalating crisis of affordable housing across Europe, highlighting growing public frustration as protests erupt in cities like Dublin, Lisbon, and Amsterdam. Voters are increasingly concerned as housing costs consume a significant portion of disposable income. The piece emphasizes the differing approaches among European nations, with Denmark's nonprofit public housing model and Switzerland's cooperative housing estates serving as successful examples of affordable living solutions. However, both countries face challenges, such as rising demand and limited land availability. Political awareness of the crisis is finally increasing, but tangible solutions remain slow to materialize. While some countries, like Ireland, are committing significant funds to address the issue, the slow pace of construction means that the crisis continues to affect a broader segment of the population, including the middle class.

Aitor Hernández-Morales and Giovanna Coi

2024

re:publica

The #GroundControl project investigates land ownership and its impact on the housing crisis in major European cities through various methods.

The #GroundControl research project addresses the pressing housing crisis in major cities across Europe, focusing on land ownership as a critical factor. While many reports highlight rising rents and evicted tenants, this project delves deeper into the complexities of land ownership using satellite imagery, AI analysis, and local investigations. Over the course of a year, a dedicated team of data and investigative journalists aimed to illuminate the dynamics obstructing the construction of affordable housing. They explored significant landowners, including the church, and uncovered international investment strategies that impact housing availability. The project provides insights and comparative examples from various cities, including Berlin, Prague, Budapest, and Brussels, revealing the intricate relationships between land ownership and the housing crisis.

Hendrik Lehmann, Helena Wittlich

2024

TUI Stiftung

The "Young Europe 2024" study reveals young Europeans' concerns about democracy, societal tensions, and support for EU integration amid pessimism.

The "Young Europe 2024" study by TUI Stiftung and YouGov Deutschland GmbH examines the views of 5,874 young Europeans aged 16 to 26 on socio-political issues. Conducted between March 6 and March 19, 2024, the study reveals a pessimistic outlook on the future, with 34% of respondents expressing negative sentiments, particularly regarding migration and societal tensions. Despite dissatisfaction with national politics, trust in EU institutions remains relatively high, with appreciation for EU achievements like freedom of travel. Young Europeans exhibit diverse political orientations and feel underrepresented, yet consider voting a civic duty. The study highlights significant societal tensions and a growing confidence in political engagement among youth, indicating a complex relationship with democracy and political representation. Conducted annually since 2017, the 2024 edition excludes UK participants, focusing instead on the perspectives of young people in EU member states.

TUI Stiftung and YouGov Deutschland GmbH

2024

The Guardian

Racial minorities in Europe face housing discrimination, exacerbating poverty and segregation amid rising far-right sentiments and housing crises.

The article discusses the racial discrimination faced by people of colour in Europe’s rental housing market, highlighting how this issue intersects with the ongoing housing crisis. As cities struggle with a shortage of affordable housing, racialized minorities encounter significant barriers, such as landlords preferring “Germans only” or similar discriminatory practices. Campaigners emphasize that discrimination exacerbates existing income inequalities, making it harder for these communities to secure housing. Studies from various European countries reveal that individuals with foreign-sounding names receive fewer responses to rental inquiries, illustrating the pervasive nature of bias. Despite legal protections against discrimination, many face lengthy legal battles to challenge unfair practices. The article underscores a “double punishment” for these communities, who must navigate both economic hardship and the rise of far-right political sentiments that scapegoat immigrants for the housing crisis.

Ashifa Kassam

2024

Cushman & Wakefield

The survey highlights growth in the EMEA living sector, investor preferences, sustainability importance, and future investment trends through 2029.

The "EMEA Living Investor Survey 2024," published by Cushman & Wakefield, provides an in-depth analysis of investor trends in the European, Middle Eastern, and African living sector. Key findings reveal that the living segment has expanded to represent around 20% of the European real estate market, with strong interest in the Private Rented Sector (PRS) and student accommodation, particularly in the UK and Germany. Investors prefer stabilized stock, joint ventures, and forward funding as deal structures. Despite a slightly weaker economic outlook for 2024, many investors anticipate a recovery in capital values and plan to increase their investments in the living sector significantly over the next five years. Sustainability is a crucial objective for nearly 80% of investors, highlighting a growing trend towards environmentally responsible investments. The survey reflects a cautious optimism as investors navigate economic uncertainties while recognizing growth opportunities in the living sector.

Tom McCabe, Stephen Screene, Alexandra Paulin, Joep van de Vorstenbosch, and others

2024

Urban Equipe & Kollektiv Raumstation

"ORGANISIERT EUCH!" is a handbook empowering collectives to effectively organize for urban change, emphasizing collective action and democratic engagement.

The document "ORGANISIERT EUCH! Zusammen die Stadt verändern" is a practical handbook designed to empower collectives in urban activism. Published by Urban Equipe and Kollektiv Raumstation, it draws on the expertise of over 30 contributors from Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The handbook addresses the challenges of collective action, providing practical tools for effective organization, including role distribution, decision-making processes, and conflict resolution. Key themes include the importance of democratic engagement, flexibility in adapting methods, inclusivity, and sustainability of collective efforts. The structure of the handbook covers essential topics such as shared vision, meeting organization, and legal considerations. Ultimately, it serves as both a guide and an inspiration, equipping readers with the necessary tools to foster inclusive and democratic community engagement and drive meaningful social change.

Urban Equipe, Kollektiv Raumstation, and others

2023

Bloomberg

Europe's housing crisis worsens due to rising costs, bureaucratic delays, and insufficient construction, impacting affordability and social stability.

Europe is facing a significant housing crisis exacerbated by a collapse in home building, driven by soaring costs and stringent regulations. The situation has left many prospective homeowners, like Milena and Manuel David in Dusseldorf, unable to realize their dreams due to skyrocketing mortgage rates and increased construction expenses. Countries such as Germany, France, and the UK are experiencing steep declines in new building permits, failing to meet housing demands and contributing to rising social tensions. Government commitments to affordable housing remain unmet, leading to a widening gap between supply and demand. While some nations, like Portugal and Spain, show improved housing starts, severe shortages persist. The overall decline in construction capacity raises concerns about the long-term viability of housing markets across Europe, prompting calls for urgent reforms and increased investment in public housing solutions.

Laura Malsch, Niclas Rolander, and others

2024

Housing+ & several universities

The European Housing Studies course offers specialized training for housing professionals and students, enhancing their qualifications and addressing contemporary issues.

The European Housing Studies (EHS) course aims to enhance qualifications and professional standards in the housing sector. Developed by leading European public universities and housing experts, it targets professionals such as real-estate agents, housing managers, and policymakers, as well as postgraduate students from various disciplines who seek specialized training in housing issues. The course is accessible for free as a self-study program, but an official title requires passing a final examination and paying a fee. Optional one-week training sessions with European experts are also available. The curriculum consists of nine parts and includes diverse training materials, such as a course book, diagrams, dynamic presentations, a role card game, and a blockchain simulator for property transactions. This comprehensive approach equips participants with the skills needed to address contemporary housing policy challenges in Europe.

2024

POLITICO

The article discusses Europe's housing crisis and its connection to rising far-right sentiments and calls for political action.

The article discusses the growing housing crisis in Europe, which has led to increased rents and property prices, exacerbating social tensions and fueling far-right movements. As demand for affordable housing outstrips supply, many citizens are struggling to secure decent living conditions, with protests occurring in various cities. Mainstream political parties are now recognizing housing as a critical issue to counter the rise of right-wing populism. Key figures argue that the housing shortage is primarily due to decades of public mismanagement rather than immigration. There are calls for the EU to take a proactive role, including establishing a dedicated housing task force and allocating funds to address the crisis. Political leaders emphasize the need for comprehensive legislation to ensure that housing remains accessible to all, warning that failure to act could erode public trust in EU institutions.

Aitor Hernández-Morales, Jacopo Barigazzi, Barbara Moens, Giovanna Coi and others

2022

Germany’s federal institute BBSR

The study analyzes EU housing policies, focusing on diverse systems, challenges, and the impact of climate change and urbanization.

The document titled "Housing Policies in the EU," published by Germany's BBSR in April 2022, analyzes the diverse housing policies of EU member states. It highlights challenges such as climate change, energy efficiency, urbanization, and demographic shifts. Key findings reveal a variety of housing systems, shaped by historical and socio-political factors, and emphasize the need for national-level solutions informed by international collaboration. The governance of housing policies varies significantly across countries, impacted by the 2008 financial crisis, which altered housing demand and lending practices. Despite the EU's generally low influence on national policies, it plays a role in areas like state aid and energy efficiency. Common challenges include rising urban housing prices and a shortage of social housing. The report underscores the importance of understanding unique national contexts while promoting dialogue to tackle shared housing policy issues within Europe.

Dr. Max-Christopher Krapp, Martin Vaché, Prof. Dr. Björn Egner, Prof. Dr. Kai Schulze, and others.

2024

Radical Housing Journal

The document discusses alternative housing models in Central and South-Eastern Europe, emphasizing innovative financing and international cooperation for affordability.

The document discusses a conversation between Zsuzsanna Pósfai, Csaba Jelinek, and Mara Ferreri regarding affordable rental and cooperative housing in Central and South-Eastern Europe. Highlighting a 'super' homeownership model that dominates the region, the authors note that over 90% of housing stock is owner-occupied, limiting options for many households. Surveys reveal a significant demand for alternative housing models, yet financial barriers persist due to inadequate housing finance products. MOBA Housing SCE proposes a quasi-revolving fund to support local projects, emphasizing international collaboration and collective ownership. The document also addresses challenges like lack of financing and regulatory frameworks while advocating for the legal recognition of nonprofit providers. It concludes with plans for the "MOBA Accelerator," aiming to provide bridge loans and attract resources from cooperative networks, ultimately promoting innovative solutions to the region's housing crisis.

Zsuzsanna Pósfai, Csaba Jelinek, Mara Ferreri, and others

2021

European Innovation Council

The toolkit aids early-stage social innovators in accessing funding and provides guidance through all phases of project development.

The "Finance your social innovation" toolkit, released by the European Social Innovation Competition with support from the European Innovation Council, aims to assist early-stage social innovators in launching their projects. This free resource guides users through the entire funding process, from initial groundwork to securing financial support. It features a unique structure resembling a rocket's trajectory, providing clear steps for innovators and startups to navigate various funding avenues. Unlike other toolkits, it specifically targets those still developing their business models, offering practical information, tools, and inspirational case studies from EU Member States. Additionally, the toolkit includes expert insights from notable figures like Frank Appeldoorn and Holger Westphely, enhancing its value for users seeking to implement their social innovations successfully.

Frank Appeldoorn, Holger Westphely, Jakob Detering, and others

2023

Eurofund

The report analyzes housing challenges in Europe, highlighting affordability issues and recommending policies for improved living conditions and social protection.

The report "Unaffordable and Inadequate Housing in Europe," published by Eurofound in 2023, provides an in-depth analysis of housing challenges within the EU. It highlights the increasing issues of unaffordability and inadequacy exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and other socio-economic factors. Key findings reveal a decline in homeownership among young people, rising housing costs for tenants, and significant income disparities affecting housing security. The report emphasizes the vulnerability of private renters and the dissatisfaction of low-income households regarding their living conditions. Policy recommendations include scaling up Housing First initiatives, implementing eviction prevention measures, and enhancing support for low-income tenants. The conclusion stresses the necessity of comprehensive housing policies to improve living conditions and address broader economic and social inequalities across Europe.

Hans Dubois and Sanna Nivakoski

2023

POLITICO

Europe faces a housing crisis with rising prices, impacting urban residents and the middle class amid the cost-of-living challenges.

The cost-of-living crisis in Europe has significantly impacted housing affordability, particularly for urban residents and poorer households. Since 2014, house prices and rents have steadily increased, worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions such as Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Younger Europeans are especially affected, often delaying homeownership and remaining dependent on family. While rising housing prices have raised concerns about a potential real estate bubble, current indications suggest stability, with only a few cities at risk. However, interest rate hikes have led to more expensive mortgages, and the ongoing shortage of suitable housing remains a critical issue. Cities are struggling to adapt to changing resident needs and are increasingly prioritizing housing policies to combat the crisis, acknowledging the necessity of affordable living options to attract and retain young talent.

Giovanna Coi

2023

ICG

The report outlines social impact investing principles in real estate, highlighting stakeholder engagement, guidelines, awards, and future opportunities.

The report "Social Impact Investing - DAS HANDBUCH FÜR EINE NEUE IMMOBILIENWIRTSCHAFT," published by the Institute for Corporate Governance in November 2023, serves as a comprehensive guide for social impact investing in the real estate sector. It emphasizes the necessity of engaging both shareholders and stakeholders, including employees and consumers, in investment decisions. Key features include a code of conduct, practical guidelines, and insights from roundtable discussions on financing and social carriers. The report highlights the significance of communication through events like the Corporate Responsibility Day and introduces a Real Estate Social Impact Investing Award to honor notable contributions. It concludes with a call for ongoing development and adaptation in investment strategies, underscoring the importance of integrating social components to address emerging challenges and opportunities within the industry.

2023

RE/MAX Europe

The report analyzes European housing trends, highlighting mobility intentions, homeownership aspirations, affordability challenges, and sustainable living practices.

The European Housing Trend Report 2023 by RE/MAX Europe analyzes the housing market across 22 European countries, revealing significant insights from over 22,000 participants. Key findings indicate that nearly 40% of Europeans plan to move within two years, primarily driven by personal aspirations rather than financial pressures. While 67.3% of respondents currently own property, affordability remains a significant barrier, especially for younger generations. Collaborative living solutions, like co-living and co-ownership, are gaining popularity as alternatives to traditional housing. The report also highlights a growing emphasis on sustainable living practices and the appeal of "15-minute cities." Additionally, personal motivations such as the desire for larger spaces or better locations are predominant reasons for moving. Authored by PIABO PR, the report offers valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of Europe’s housing market amidst ongoing economic challenges.

PIABO PR on behalf of RE/MAX Europe

2021

IG Lebenszyklus

The guide addresses sustainable urban development in response to climate change, emphasizing integrated planning and innovative infrastructure solutions.

The document titled Leitfaden-Raum-Infrastruktur, published by IG Lebenszyklus Bau in October 2021, addresses the future of urban living and infrastructure amid climate challenges. It emphasizes the urgent need for action against climate change, highlighting that human activities are primarily responsible for global warming. The guide advocates for a systemic approach to urban planning, focusing on interconnectedness in buildings, transportation, and human behavior. Key action areas include developing mixed-use neighborhoods, promoting flexible building designs, and enhancing digital work environments. Recommendations involve creating multifunctional neighborhoods, optimizing existing resources, and encouraging materials reuse. The guide calls for holistic planning that integrates environmental considerations into urban development, aiming to significantly reduce CO2 emissions and foster sustainable living environments by 2035.

DI Christoph Müller-Thiede, Arch. DDI (FH) Dominik Philipp, and others

2019

Bau-Ministerium Deutschland

The Leitfaden Nachhaltiges Bauen provides guidelines for sustainable building practices, emphasizing lifecycle integration and stakeholder involvement for ecological development.

The Leitfaden Nachhaltiges Bauen, published by Germany's Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community, serves as a comprehensive framework for sustainable building practices. It integrates ecological, economic, and social considerations throughout the entire lifecycle of buildings, from planning to deconstruction. The guide introduces the Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen (BNB), an evaluation system assessing sustainability performance based on various criteria. Key focuses include lifecycle assessments, quality standards for federal buildings, adaptability to future needs, and stakeholder involvement in the sustainability process. Detailed technical guidelines address aspects such as energy efficiency and waste management. This document reflects Germany's commitment to sustainable development and builds upon previous versions by incorporating updated practices and technologies since its initial release in 2001. The latest version was published in 2019, emphasizing the importance of a collaborative approach to sustainable construction.

Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community in Germany

2021

Climate Positive Europe Alliance (CPEA)

The study evaluates EU Taxonomy criteria for buildings, highlighting market-readiness, data challenges, and the role of certification systems.

The "EU Taxonomy: Evaluating the Market-Readiness of the EU Taxonomy Criteria for Buildings" study, published in 2021 by various Green Building Councils, assesses the applicability of EU Taxonomy criteria in the construction and real estate sectors. It involved 23 organizations and analyzed 62 real building case studies across Europe. Key findings indicate that new constructions are more likely to meet Taxonomy eligibility, while data reliability poses a significant challenge, especially for the Do No Significant Harm criteria. Recommendations include developing centralized building data repositories, improving Energy Performance Certificates, and implementing transitional climate action roadmaps. The study emphasizes the role of certification systems like DGNB in aiding compliance and highlights concerns regarding the ambitious changes in the draft Delegated Act by the European Commission, advocating for a balanced approach to ensure effective market adoption.

Dr. Anna Braune, Seema Issar, Raphael Montigel, Dr. Christine Lemaitre, and others.

2023

A consortium of 7 organisations

The study evaluated circular economy criteria in building projects, finding none aligned due to data gaps and implementation challenges.

The Circular Economy Taxonomy Study, published by a consortium of seven organizations in February 2023, evaluated the market-readiness of the EU Taxonomy criteria for circular economy in building activities. It applied these criteria to 38 case studies, finding that none of the projects met the criteria due to a lack of relevant data, internal knowledge gaps, and the absence of clear implementation plans. Although 90% of projects adhered to the EU Construction & Demolition Waste Protocol, only 40% prepared the required waste for reuse or recycling. The study identified significant structural barriers and provided recommendations for better frameworks and documentation. Key suggestions included adjusting methodologies to align with market realities and using Building Material Passports to enhance circularity. Overall, while the proposed taxonomy is ambitious, testing studies like this are crucial for building capacities and identifying areas for improvement toward a circular economy.

2023

Implenia

The whitepaper outlines strategies for achieving net zero carbon buildings, emphasizing early planning, renewable energy, and reduced embodied carbon.

The whitepaper "Net Zero: How to take the path to net zero carbon buildings," published by Implenia, emphasizes the importance of decarbonizing the building sector, which accounts for approximately 40% of energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions globally. It outlines strategies for achieving net zero carbon buildings, highlighting that embodied carbon constitutes about 74% of total lifecycle emissions. Key approaches include efficient design, the use of low-carbon materials, and on-site renewable energy systems. The paper advocates for early planning decisions, such as site selection and compact building shapes, to optimize energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Targets are set for Implenia projects to achieve net zero operational carbon by 2030 for new builds and net zero embodied carbon by 2040. Overall, the document provides valuable guidance for real estate professionals committed to reducing climate impacts through sustainable building practices.

Marc Lyon and others

2023

TU Berlin

The thesis explores cooperative project development for housing commons, analyzing tensions and proposing a commons-sensitive approach for urban practitioners.

This master's thesis by André Sacharow investigates the development of housing commons through cooperative project development. It highlights the interplay between self-organized commons and professional real estate development by housing cooperatives. The study identifies significant overlaps between cooperative theory and commons research, focusing on how commoning practices occur at various levels, from institutional cooperatives to shared spaces. Through a quantitative analysis of cooperative project development in Berlin, case studies of traditional, young, and umbrella cooperatives were examined, revealing structural elements and patterns of commoning. The analysis emphasizes that cooperative project development can create housing commons, with tensions arising between equality, management authority, financing needs, and openness. The thesis advocates for a commons-sensitive approach in real estate development and cooperative management, providing insights and instruments to enhance commoning practices.

André Sacharow

2023

urbaMonde

The studies analyze community-led housing challenges, highlighting diverse global approaches to accessing land and finance for sustainable solutions.

The studies provided by the CoHabitat Network, coordinated by Nina Quintas and Pierre Arnold, focus on community-led housing (CLH) initiatives, examining the challenges of accessing land and finance. The first study highlights various case studies from regions like Africa and Europe, emphasizing successful projects like the Granby 4 Streets Community Land Trust in the UK and the Ecovillage Aldea Feliz in Colombia, which showcase innovative approaches to secure land and financing. The second study delves into financial mechanisms for CLH, offering examples from Zimbabwe, Uruguay, and Germany, such as the Dzivarasekwa Slum Upgrading Project and the Mehr als Wohnen cooperative. Both studies underline the significance of collaboration among communities, governments, and NGOs to overcome obstacles to affordable housing, demonstrating how tailored financial strategies can foster sustainable urban development.

Nina Quintas, Pierre Arnold, Léa Vidal, Léa Oswald, and others

2023

International Journal of Housing Policy

The article examines challenges in developing social housing cooperatives in Finland amidst rising housing unaffordability and policy ambiguities.

This article examines the challenges faced by housing cooperatives in Finland amidst rising housing unaffordability and an inadequate social housing sector. It highlights a pilot project initiated in 2016 to explore a new 'social' housing cooperative model. Despite growing interest, Finnish land and housing policies present three main contradictions: the difficulty of categorizing cooperatives within existing frameworks, skepticism about their long-term affordability, and the City of Helsinki's refusal to lease land to cooperatives at market rates. The study analyzes these ambiguities through document reviews and interviews with stakeholders, contributing to the understanding of the public-cooperative nexus in housing policy. It emphasizes the importance of addressing these institutional challenges to facilitate the development of housing cooperatives as viable alternatives for those unable to access market-rate housing.

The authors are not explicitly mentioned in the provided text.

2023

K-Lab and Robert Bosch Stiftung

The CMMM project empowers communities through critical mapping to address urban issues, focusing on housing and municipalist movements.

The CMMM (Critical Mapping for Municipalist Movements) project is a research initiative aimed at empowering civil society to create just cities through political transformation. Conducted from 2019 to 2023 in Barcelona, Belgrade, and Berlin, the project focuses on critical mapping as a democratizing tool to visualize urban issues. Key findings emphasize the importance of municipalist movements in reshaping local politics, with housing identified as a central theme due to its universal relevance. Each city offers unique insights into challenges like housing affordability and gentrification. The methodology included collaborative workshops and mapping exercises grounded in feminist data visualization principles. Funded by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, the project highlights how critical mapping can support municipalist movements in addressing urban challenges, fostering international collaboration among activists and researchers.

Julia Förster, Julita Skodra, Katleen De Flander, Natasha Aruri, and others

2021

Ecorys

The report analyzes European housing cooperatives, highlighting their development, challenges, and potential applicability to the Netherlands' housing market.

The report European Research on Housing Cooperatives, published by ECORYS, examines the role and development of housing cooperatives across several European countries, including Denmark, Germany, Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland. It highlights the varied integration of cooperatives within housing systems, noting that while they serve lower to middle-income groups, their market share and operational models differ significantly. The study reveals that, in the Netherlands, existing housing corporations may limit the immediate impact of cooperatives on housing availability and affordability. However, it identifies niche opportunities for community-based projects and suggests policy recommendations, such as enhancing legal frameworks and financial instruments, to support cooperative growth. Ultimately, the report emphasizes that while foreign models may not be directly transferable, valuable practices can be adapted to strengthen the role of cooperatives in the Dutch housing market.

Michel Briene, Robert Kievit, Erik van Ossenbruggen, Rixt Bos, and others

2020

OECD

The document discusses social housing's importance, challenges, and opportunities within welfare policy and housing market dynamics.

The "Social Housing Policy Brief" by the OECD discusses the critical role of social housing in providing affordable housing and social welfare. It notes that social housing comprises over 28 million dwellings, representing about 6% of total housing stock across OECD and non-OECD EU countries. The brief highlights significant variations in social housing definitions, sizes, and target populations among countries. While some nations have robust social housing sectors, others face challenges such as shrinking stocks and increasing concentrations of lower-income tenants. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated housing affordability issues, underscoring the need for investment in social housing as part of economic recovery strategies. The document calls for policies that prevent the displacement of low-income residents during renovations and stresses the importance of social housing in ensuring equitable access to decent living conditions for vulnerable populations.

Salvi del Pero et al.

2023

Architecture & The Built Environment

The thesis explores co-housing as a solution for energy transition, emphasizing resident involvement and innovative urban design practices.

This PhD thesis explores the rise of co-housing initiatives in Europe and their significance in addressing urban housing challenges and energy transition. It highlights how groups of residents collectively manage housing projects, characterized by self-organization and shared spaces. The research emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary understanding, analyzing co-housing through the lenses of social practices, institutional contexts, and building technology. Using qualitative methods and empirical data from Dutch case studies and other European countries, the thesis identifies co-housing as a niche innovator in energy-efficient housing. It argues for greater collaboration between residents and engineers to enhance sustainable practices in co-housing, suggesting that these initiatives can inform broader urban development strategies. The findings underscore the importance of integrating housing and technological policies to foster resilience and inclusivity while addressing climate change and energy challenges.

2018

Archi

The document discusses the role and history of housing cooperatives in providing affordable housing worldwide across various regions.

The document provides an overview of the role of housing cooperatives in providing affordable housing across various regions, emphasizing their historical development and significance. Housing cooperatives are defined as democratically controlled entities that pool resources to reduce housing costs. Their effectiveness varies based on cultural, political, and regulatory contexts. In Europe, housing cooperatives emerged in response to industrialization and urbanization, with notable examples in countries like Sweden and Germany. In the U.S., cooperatives primarily exist in New York, often linked to government support. Conversely, in India, housing cooperatives have evolved with state backing since the colonial era. Latin American cooperatives, particularly in Uruguay, represent grassroots movements for affordable housing. The document highlights that housing cooperatives serve as vital mechanisms for addressing housing needs, particularly for low-income populations, amidst varying degrees of governmental support and societal challenges.

Daniela Sanjinés, Jennifer Duyne Barenstein, and others

2020

Public Health Reviews

Cohousing positively affects health and wellbeing through social networks, but more robust evidence is needed to confirm these findings.

The scoping review examines the impact of the cohousing model on health and wellbeing, highlighting its potential to foster social networks and healthy communities. The literature review, conducted across several databases, identified 2560 articles, ultimately selecting 25 for analysis. Of these, ten studies evaluated the relationship between cohousing and health outcomes, with eight indicating a positive association concerning physical and mental health. Additionally, 22 studies focused on psychosocial determinants, such as social support and community sense, which also showed positive links to wellbeing and quality of life. However, the overall quality of evidence was deemed low, primarily due to the prevalence of cross-sectional and qualitative designs that hinder causal interpretations. The findings suggest that while the cohousing model may enhance health through psychosocial factors, further research is essential to substantiate these effects and explore both psychosocial and material implications.

The authors of the study are not provided in the document.

2023

EU - Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies

The study analyzes housing affordability challenges in the EU and offers recommendations for improving access to affordable housing.

This study examines the challenges of housing affordability in the EU and suggests policies to improve access to affordable housing. It identifies that housing affordability varies significantly among Member States, with a notable increase in the proportion of low-income households spending over 40% of their income on housing. Factors contributing to rising housing costs include the financialization of housing, foreign investment, and the impact of short-term rental platforms. The study highlights a trend of decreasing public spending on social housing while demand-side measures have been favored, often exacerbating affordability issues. The EU's influence over housing policy is indirect, utilizing regulations and recommendations rather than direct control. Key initiatives, such as the European Pillar of Social Rights and the Housing Partnership Action Plan, aim to improve access to affordable housing, particularly for vulnerable groups.

The authors are not explicitly stated in the provided text.

2020

Housing, Theory and Society

The document discusses collaborative housing in Europe, emphasizing definitions, models, historical context, and the importance of community involvement.

This document discusses the concept of collaborative housing (CH) in Europe, highlighting its resurgence since the 2000s through various self-organized and participatory housing models, such as cooperatives, cohousing, and Community Land Trusts. These initiatives aim to address social inclusion, affordability, and sustainability challenges. The text emphasizes the need for clearer definitions and conceptualizations of CH to facilitate dialogue among researchers and practitioners. It also explores historical dimensions and structural tensions within the field, noting how past practices influence contemporary CH models. Various papers included in the special issue provide empirical evidence and insights into the diversity of CH, while questioning whether these models can inclusively serve all societal groups. Ultimately, the work underscores the importance of collaboration among residents and external stakeholders in developing effective housing solutions.

The authors are Lang, Carriou, Czischke, and Bresson, and others.

2023

WCM (Worldwide Coliving Membership)

WCM conducted a global survey on coliving residents' satisfaction, lifestyles, and sustainability interests across five countries.

The "Flexible Living - Trend Report" published by WCM (Worldwide Coliving Membership) explores the perspectives of coliving residents regarding their lifestyles, satisfaction with communal spaces, and services. The report is based on a global survey titled "Life in Coliving Space," which gathered responses from 462 participants across five member countries. The survey consisted of 26 questions that assessed residents' satisfaction with coliving arrangements and their interest in sustainability and environmental practices. The findings aim to shed light on the varying lifestyles of coliving residents, their overall contentment with their living situations, and the changes they desire. This research is crucial for understanding how the coliving community stands out on a global scale and what factors contribute to residents' experiences and expectations within these shared living environments.

2023

Investigate Europe

European tax benefits for real estate investments exacerbate the housing crisis, driving up prices and misallocating capital across member states.

The investigation project “Untaxed” by Investigate Europe examines how European governments provide substantial tax benefits to real estate investors, exacerbating the housing crisis. Analyzing tax regimes in countries such as Austria, France, Germany, and the UK, the report reveals that these systems favor real estate investments through exemptions on capital gains and lower taxes on rental income. Experts conclude that real estate is under-taxed in most nations, leading to significant capital misallocation, particularly in Germany, Italy, and Portugal. This influx of capital into real estate inflates property prices, making housing increasingly unaffordable. The study highlights alarming statistics, showing that in many EU countries, house prices have risen faster than inflation and wage growth since 2010. Investigate Europe also shares personal stories from individuals affected by the housing crisis and challenges national governments regarding the social implications of these tax privileges.

2023

Space10

The Healthy Home report explores how homes can support health and well-being throughout life, addressing emotional and physical needs.

The Healthy Home report emphasizes the vital role that our living spaces play in promoting health and well-being throughout different life stages. Homes serve multiple purposes, providing rest, nourishment, and a sense of community, yet they can also become isolating or unsafe environments. As people globally live longer and prefer to age in place, there is a pressing need for homes to evolve into supportive hubs of care. The report outlines how future homes can be designed to protect and enable residents, focusing on adaptability to meet physical, social, and emotional needs. By showcasing innovative case studies and expert insights, The Healthy Home report presents a vision of living spaces that foster a sense of belonging, energy, and fulfillment, ultimately transforming how we think about home and health.

2021

International Cooperative Alliance (ICA)

The report explores co-operatives' capital challenges, emphasizing principles, market adaptation, and innovative funding approaches for sustainable growth.

The report "The Capital Conundrum for Co-operatives" by the Alliance’s Blue Ribbon Commission explores the challenges co-operatives face in accessing suitable long-term capital. It examines the relationship between co-operative capital and the Co-operative Principles, emphasizing the importance of philosophical capital versus purely financial investment. The authors propose three approaches to capital engagement: adhering to Co-operative Principles while seeking capital beyond membership, adapting to market realities while preserving these principles, and transforming both the market paradigm and the principles themselves. The report highlights case studies from various sectors, such as worker cooperatives and the financial cooperative Rabobank, showcasing different strategies for capital building. It also discusses how innovative financial instruments, like member certificates, can align external capital with co-operative philosophy, ensuring that external investors do not gain voting power or prioritize profit maximization over the long-term interests of all stakeholders.

The authors of the report are specialized in some specific type of cooperative and/or sector, but their names are not provided in the text.

2023

FWB

This article explores the mutual lessons and insights that cooperatives and decentralized autonomous organizations can share for better collaboration.

Cooperatives (co-ops) and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) share common principles but operate in different contexts. Co-ops have a long history of promoting member ownership, democratic governance, and community benefit, while DAOs leverage blockchain technology to enable decentralized decision-making and transparency. Both models can learn from each other to enhance their effectiveness. For instance, co-ops can adopt the technological innovations of DAOs to improve operational efficiency and member engagement, while DAOs can learn from the governance structures and member-centric approaches of co-ops to create more inclusive and sustainable organizations. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each model, co-ops and DAOs can collaborate to develop hybrid solutions that combine the best of both worlds, fostering community and democratizing organizational structures in the ever-evolving landscape of cooperative economics and blockchain technology.

The authors are:

2023

C40 and Eutropian

The report outlines just transition concepts in Europe, highlighting challenges, opportunities, and crucial actions for cities and regions.

The report "Exploring the just transition: Europe" highlights the growing significance of just transition concepts across Europe, emphasizing the need for equitable shifts in various sectors. Key findings point to the relevance of initiatives such as the European Green Deal and Just Transition Mechanism, focusing on coal regions, industrial transformations, and the reskilling of workers for green jobs. Several countries, including Germany and Scotland, have adopted national strategies to navigate these transitions, while cities are identified as pivotal players in engaging local stakeholders and addressing direct impacts. Recommended actions for cities include collaborating with national governments, fostering multi-stakeholder dialogues, and improving coordination for inclusive policy design. The report underscores that successful local implementation of just transition strategies is essential for restoring trust between governments and communities, thereby reducing social and territorial inequalities and ensuring sustainable economic development in Europe.

Simone d'Antonio, Daniela Patti, Levente Polyak, Jazmin Burgess, and others

2022

International Journal of Housing Policy

The article analyzes collaborative housing typologies in Europe, emphasizing financialization's impact on affordable housing and varying country responses.

The article "Beyond collective property: a typology of collaborative housing in Europe" examines the diverse forms of collaborative housing that exist outside traditional private and public housing models. Through an analysis of 100 cases from various European countries, it establishes a typology based on architectural design, property rights, and collective values. The study uses the 4Stelle Hotel in Rome as a case example. Additionally, the article discusses the increasing financialization of housing in Europe and its implications for affordable housing. It highlights how different countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain, have responded to financialization challenges with varied policies, including rent controls and social housing initiatives. The authors stress the need for stronger regulations and innovative strategies to ensure housing affordability amidst ongoing financial pressures, offering valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in the field of housing.

Manuel B. Aalbers, Rodrigo Fernandez, Gertjan Wijburg, and others

2023

Council on urban initiatives

The paper advocates a human rights approach to housing, emphasizing bold missions and collaborative policies for sustainable solutions.

The paper emphasizes that housing is a fundamental human right essential for well-being and the realization of other rights, such as health and education. It argues for a comprehensive understanding of this right, extending beyond mere shelter to encompass dignity, security, and peace. To achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of adequate housing for all, the authors advocate for a mission-oriented approach that integrates human rights with innovative economic policies. The current housing crisis affects over a billion people globally, marked by unaffordable housing and a focus on profit over people. The paper calls for governments to set ambitious missions and foster cross-sector collaboration, reshaping housing markets and policies to prioritize human rights and the common good. Ultimately, it presents the housing crisis as solvable through coordinated action and legal accountability to ensure the right to housing for all.

2023

Council of Europe Development Bank

The paper advocates for holistic evaluations of housing projects, considering social, economic, and environmental impacts for sustainable development.

This document discusses the holistic evaluation of housing projects in relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It emphasizes the importance of access to adequate, safe, and affordable housing, particularly for lower-income and vulnerable groups, a focus that has been central to the Council of Europe Development Bank's (CEB) mandate since 1956. The traditional evaluation of housing projects has primarily measured physical outputs, such as the number of dwellings built. However, this paper advocates for a comprehensive evaluation approach that considers the broader impacts of housing on beneficiaries and their communities. This includes assessing not only the physical aspects of housing but also the direct and indirect effects on health, finances, and education, as well as the long-term impacts on neighborhoods and the environment. Understanding these complexities is essential for ensuring sustainable housing investments.

2023

C40

C40 Cities' 2023 report highlights urgent climate action, fossil fuel phase-out, and youth engagement amid rising global temperatures and pollution.

The C40 Cities 2023 Annual Report highlights the urgent climate crisis, marking the first year global temperatures exceeded 1.5°C. Cities worldwide are grappling with severe climate impacts while fossil fuel investments rise. C40 member cities are actively leading climate action, focusing on reducing reliance on fossil fuels and addressing climate injustices. In 2023, significant initiatives such as Breathe Cities and the City Youth Engagement Network were launched to improve air quality and engage young activists. The report emphasizes the need for a rapid and just transition away from fossil fuels, particularly following the COP28 agreement. With mayors showcasing effective climate policies, the report outlines the goal of halving emissions by 2030 and calls for stronger national climate action. As C40 approaches the end of its current business plan in 2024, the organization recognizes the ongoing challenges and the critical need for collective efforts to combat climate change.

2023

Collaboration between different dutch actors

This publication discusses circular economy practices in construction, offering frameworks and examples for sustainable building industry transformation.

The publication Circular Buildings: Constructing a Sustainable Future presents insights on the integration of circular economy principles in the construction sector. Produced by a collaboration of Dutch organizations, including Holland Circular Hotspot and Arcadis, the document highlights the urgent need for sustainability within the building industry. It outlines 25 exemplary practices from the construction value chain that showcase effective strategies for implementing circular economy concepts. Additionally, the publication offers a comprehensive framework aimed at facilitating an international transition towards circular construction. This framework includes recommendations for policies, measurement standards, and collaborative initiatives, as well as avenues for knowledge exchange. Ultimately, the publication serves as a vital resource for stakeholders seeking to address the pressing challenges of sustainability in construction while promoting a future-ready industry.

Holland Circular Hotspot, Transition Team Circular Construction Economy, Arcadis and various ministries of the Netherlands

2023

Space10

The report explores designing regenerative homes that benefit people and the planet, emphasizing sustainability and innovative environmental practices.

The report "The Regenerative Home" explores innovative ways to design residential spaces that positively impact both people and the planet. As homes are significant contributors to energy-related carbon emissions and food waste, the report emphasizes the need for sustainable practices. It advocates for building homes that not only minimize consumption but also generate resources. Key strategies include retrofitting existing structures for improved energy efficiency, reusing materials, and integrating renewable energy systems. The report outlines ten insights focused on principles like composting, waste management, local sourcing, and community sharing. By combining traditional knowledge with modern technology, the future regenerative home aims to transform daily living, enhance community vitality, and promote environmental stewardship, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable future.

Lucy Hardcastle and others

2019

Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR)

The study highlights the role of foundations in housing policy, focusing on non-profit models and community-oriented approaches to housing.

This study highlights the growing significance of the "common good" in housing policy amid tight housing markets and the lack of affordable options. It focuses on non-profit foundations and their roles as housing market players, particularly in providing housing for vulnerable groups like seniors and people with disabilities. The research identifies various organizational forms, target demographics, and business models employed by these foundations. It emphasizes the importance of long-term commitments by foundations, which ensure independence from transient housing policies. The report also notes the limited quantitative impact of these players on the housing market, yet acknowledges their positive contributions to neighborhoods and innovative housing solutions. Municipalities are increasingly utilizing urban land concepts to promote common good-oriented housing policies. The study showcases examples from European cities, illustrating diverse approaches and the potential for enhancing collaboration and sustainable practices within the housing sector.

2020

nuveen

The document discusses impact investing in real estate, emphasizing social and ecological benefits alongside financial returns.

The document discusses impact investing in the real estate sector, highlighting the shift from traditional profit-driven models to a more stakeholder-focused approach. It emphasizes the increasing importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, particularly in the wake of challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. The text outlines how demand for socially and ecologically responsible investments is growing, spurred by public awareness and regulatory pressures. It also presents impact investing as a financial innovation aiming to create measurable positive social and environmental effects alongside competitive financial returns. The document argues that the real estate sector is particularly well-suited for impact investments, as it can address local needs, enhance community well-being, and contribute to sustainability efforts. Nuveen's approach combines financial performance with social responsibility, aiming to create livable and inclusive spaces.

2023

Investigate Europe

European governments provide tax benefits to real estate investors, leading to inflated housing prices and capital misallocation across member states.

European governments are inflating housing prices through significant tax benefits for real estate investors and property owners, a practice prevalent across various member states. Investigate Europe’s analysis revealed that countries such as Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, and others provide tax regimes that disproportionately favor real estate investments over other business sectors. Common privileges include exemptions on capital gains, tax-free guarantees for funds, and lower taxation on rental income. Experts agree that real estate is largely under-taxed or exempt from taxation in many regions. The investigation uncovered multiple tax avoidance schemes utilized by investors, exacerbated by the absence of European regulations or oversight, making it challenging to identify patterns of abuse. As a result, there is a significant misallocation of capital, particularly in nations like Germany, Italy, and Portugal, amounting to billions of euros due to these advantageous tax exemptions.

Investigate Europe Team and others

2023

ICG - Institut für Corporate Governance in der Immobilienwirtschaft

The guide on social impact investing emphasizes sustainability, stakeholder value, and innovative investment approaches in the real estate sector.

The "Social Impact Investing" practical guide by ICG emphasizes a shift in focus from solely economic returns to a more sustainable and socially responsible investment approach. In light of challenges such as climate change, the pandemic, and increasing social inequalities, there is a growing demand for businesses, including the real estate sector, to contribute to climate protection and social justice. This guide outlines the principles and mechanisms of impact-oriented investments, highlighting that investment decisions should consider not only financial returns but also the positive effects generated by the investments. The emergence of Social Impact Investing represents a new movement that prioritizes stakeholder value, participation, and commitment to social change, encouraging innovative solutions within the capital market.

2023

Urban Land Institute & PWC

The report analyzes European real estate trends in 2023, influenced by the pandemic recovery and the war in Ukraine.

The "Emerging Trends in Real Estate 2023" report, published by PwC and the Urban Land Institute, marks its 20th edition, providing insights into real estate investment and development trends across Europe. This year's report highlights the recovery of European economies from the pandemic, which has been interrupted by the war in Ukraine and rising energy costs, leading to inflation and a shifting real estate outlook. The report synthesizes the perspectives of 1,038 professionals from various sectors, including investors, developers, and property companies, gathered through surveys and interviews. Additionally, it includes an analysis of historical trends over the past two decades, focusing on changes in city and sector rankings. The findings aim to inform stakeholders about current challenges and opportunities in the European real estate market as it navigates a complex economic landscape.

PwC and the Urban Land Institute

2022

BBSR (Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung)

The "City of Tomorrow" project aims to define future urban development trends and engage stakeholders in planning sustainable cities.

The "City of Tomorrow" research project aims to establish a framework for urban development policy that addresses both immediate challenges and long-term trends. It seeks to create dialogue among various stakeholders involved in urban development, inviting them to discuss how we want to live in the future. This initiative has generated a systematic collection of trends specifically focused on urban development in German-speaking regions, providing insights into the impacts on urban spaces and laying the groundwork for future urban research. A toolkit has been developed to assist stakeholders in formulating relevant questions, considering long-term developments, and exploring political priorities. The findings of this research, both methodological and substantive, are presented in detail in the publication "City of Tomorrow," highlighting the importance of proactive planning and collaboration for sustainable urban futures.

2021

Mobilities | Sabina Maslova

This paper examines housing needs of highly mobile transnational professionals, highlighting gaps in current housing market provisions for them.

This study examines the housing needs of highly mobile transnational professionals, emphasizing that existing housing forms in urban areas cater primarily to settled populations. Through 65 semi-structured interviews with migrants from Western countries in Moscow and London, the research identifies three main factors influencing the housing demands of this group. First, economic flexibility drives a preference for shared living arrangements over individual rentals. Second, their job-related travel patterns create time constraints on housing options, necessitating adaptability. Lastly, despite their transient lifestyles, these professionals prioritize physical comfort, access to amenities, and a sense of community in their living arrangements. Although some of these needs are recognized in existing literature, they have not been specifically analyzed regarding the mobile living conditions of transnational professionals, highlighting a significant research gap addressed by this paper.

Sabina Maslova

2022

The handbook summarizes debates on how cities adapt to global changes, addressing urban growth, climate, and democracy challenges.

The document serves as a handbook summarizing six debates held in 2021 and 2022 under the Urban Age Program, focusing on the challenges cities face in the 2020s amid significant global changes. Established in 2004, the program investigates the future of urban environments, particularly as more than half of the world’s population now resides in cities. The handbook highlights how previously reliable urban growth projections and the potential for gradual carbon emission reductions have been disrupted by evolving dynamics, including shifts in the financial sector, the complexities of urban green growth, and the impact of populism. It also questions long-held beliefs regarding gentrification, the role of consumer cities, and the sustainability of urban development practices. As cities continue to adapt, understanding these challenges becomes crucial for envisioning their future.

Authors:

2022

Catella (investment group)

European housing markets show dynamic growth despite economic challenges, with rising rents, prices, and emerging capital investors in 2022.

The Catella European Residential Market Map Q1 2022 reveals a dynamic landscape in the European housing markets, despite challenges such as inflation, war, and economic decline. The report highlights a 3.82% increase in average monthly apartment rents across 63 cities, now averaging €16.05/sqm, while inflation reached 6.01%. Notably, Geneva remains the most expensive rental market at €30.80/sqm, whereas Liège offers the cheapest rates at €9.50/sqm. The average purchase price for apartments has risen to €5,141/sqm, reflecting a 2.47% increase. Prime yields average 3.41%, with Stockholm showing the lowest yield at 1.20%. Emerging capital investors are navigating the market cautiously, influenced by low-interest rates and a lack of alternative investments. The analysis underscores the ongoing urbanization trends and the evolving landscape of European residential investments.

2022

NASCO

The Handbook provides guidance on creating housing cooperatives, covering organizing, financing, and development for various cooperative settings.

The NASCO Cooperative Organizer’s Handbook serves as a vital resource for individuals looking to establish group-equity housing cooperatives. It covers various aspects of the cooperative movement, including campus and community organizing, nonprofit incorporation, financing, and housing development, making complex concepts more accessible. The Handbook has undergone major updates over the years, with the latest edition released in 2020, offering comprehensive and clear guidance applicable to a variety of cooperative settings. It is particularly beneficial for student and community organizers focused on housing issues, as well as those interested in affordable housing and college accessibility. In addition to its primary focus on group equity cooperatives, the Handbook provides valuable insights for organizing other types of co-ops. Its audience includes active students, affordable housing advocates, college administrators, and nonprofit organizations, making it an essential addition to any collection of resources on cooperative organizing.

2022

NASCO

The report evaluates 24 housing cooperatives, sharing best practices and suggesting growth goals for member co-ops.

This report by NASCO provides an analysis of the health of 24 member-owned housing cooperatives across North America. It aims to document best practices among these cooperatives and encourage the sharing of effective strategies. By conducting health assessments, NASCO offers member co-ops valuable insights into their growth trajectories, highlighting areas for improvement and development. The report emphasizes the importance of adopting emerging practices that may not yet be standard among member cooperatives. Ultimately, the goal is to foster a collaborative environment where co-ops can learn from one another, leading to enhanced operational health and sustainability within the housing cooperative sector.

2023

Eurostat

The report analyzes housing data in the EU, highlighting ownership rates, types, affordability, and impacts of recent global events.

The "Housing in Europe - 2023 edition" publication by Eurostat presents an in-depth analysis of housing across EU member states. Key findings reveal that 69% of the EU population lived in owner-occupied homes in 2022, with Romania having the highest ownership rate at 95%. Housing types showed that 52% lived in houses and 47.5% in flats, while the average was 1.6 rooms per person. Notably, 16.8% of the population lived in overcrowded homes, and 19.6% of disposable income was spent on housing costs. Between 2010 and 2022, house prices rose by 47%, and rents by 18%, with significant increases in Estonia. The report discusses the effects of recent events, including the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions, on the housing landscape, providing a comprehensive overview of the current housing situation in Europe.

2022

UN (Environment Programme Finance Initiative)

The report examines transition risks in real estate, offering insights and recommendations for financial institutions to align with net zero.

The report "Managing Transition Risk in Real Estate: Aligning to the Paris Climate Acc" by the UN Environment Programme Finance Initiative highlights the significant transition risks faced by the real estate sector as economies strive for decarbonization. It underscores the necessity for financial institutions to adopt proactive strategies to mitigate these risks. The document evaluates the current state of real estate assets and the challenges in aligning with net-zero goals, offering insights into the climate-related hurdles and actionable recommendations for overcoming them. Utilizing the Carbon Risk Real Estate Monitor (CRREM) tool, the report summarizes the experiences of participating investors and banks within UNEP FI’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) programme. Ultimately, it reveals both opportunities and risks for financial institutions involved in real estate investments, building upon the foundational work of UNEP FI’s Property Working Group.

Authors: Not specified.

2022

United Nations Environment Programme

The report highlights the construction sector's increased energy consumption and emissions, indicating a failure to meet decarbonization goals by 2050.

The Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction (Buildings-GSR), published by the United Nations Environment Programme, provides an annual overview of the sector's progress towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. The 2022 report highlights ongoing disruptions and challenges, revealing that despite increased investment and a reduction in energy intensity, total energy consumption and CO2 emissions from buildings reached record highs in 2021. Specifically, energy demand surged by 4%, while CO2 emissions rose to approximately 10 GtCO2, marking a 5% increase from the previous year and exceeding pre-pandemic figures. The report indicates that the buildings and construction sector is not on track for decarbonization by 2050, with a widening gap between current climate performance and necessary pathways. Additionally, global energy price volatility and rising interest rates pose significant risks to future investments in building decarbonization.

2022

Daniela Gabor & Sebastian Kohl, The Greens / EFA

The report analyzes housing financialization in Europe, highlighting institutional landlords' impact and proposing reforms for public good.

The report "My home is an asset class," published by Daniela Gabor and Sebastian Kohl, examines the financialization of housing in Europe, highlighting the role of institutional landlords such as real estate companies and private equity firms. It reveals that approximately EUR 40 billion of Berlin's housing has been converted into rental assets, significantly surpassing similar trends in London and Amsterdam. This shift has been exacerbated by government policies that, while appearing to support homeowners, actually inflate housing prices and reduce affordability. Citizens across Europe are increasingly mobilizing against this trend, advocating for measures like rent controls and better regulations. The report emphasizes the need for reforms to reverse the financialization of housing, aiming to prioritize public good over profit-driven motives in the housing market.

Daniela Gabor & Sebastian Kohl

2022

Arena for Journalism in Europe

A collaborative project investigates corporate landlords' impact on housing affordability in European cities, revealing transparency issues and investment trends.

The project Cities for Rent: Investigating Corporate Landlords Across Europe involves over 25 investigative journalists and data experts from 16 European countries. It addresses the pressing issue of rising housing costs and the increasing dominance of corporate landlords in the European rental market. Amid a pandemic, many individuals struggle to find affordable housing, while investment flows into this sector continue to surge. The project aims to uncover the sources of these investments and their impact on urban living. It highlights the challenges faced in obtaining relevant data due to a lack of transparency from corporate landlords. Ultimately, Cities for Rent aspires to foster open collaboration and cross-border research to tackle the housing affordability crisis affecting people's lives across European cities. The initiative has garnered recognition, including the European Press Prize and nominations for prestigious awards in data journalism.

2022

The Co-Lab Mapping Project analyzes collaborative housing in Europe, addressing data gaps and fostering comparative understanding among various housing forms.

The "Mapping social innovation and collaboration in housing – Co-Lab Mapping" project aims to systematize data on collaborative housing in Europe, addressing the existing gaps in research, which has primarily focused on qualitative case studies. The project, developed in collaboration with Urbamonde and supported by the Dutch architecture firm Inbo, seeks to provide a validated categorization of various collaborative housing forms across nine well-represented countries: Belgium, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. By employing an iterative data collection approach that includes interviews, literature reviews, and expert panels, the research aims to create comparative data that can facilitate mutual learning and communication among users. The project has received funding from the Creative Industry – KIEM programme and was previously supported by the Delft Technology Fellowship.

Lang, Carriou, Czischke and others

2022

TU Delft

The article examines socially oriented cooperative housing as a solution to housing speculation and economic inequality in Europe.

This paper explores the potential of socially oriented cooperative housing as an alternative to housing speculation, which has exacerbated economic inequality and instability in many countries. It examines the integration of various housing types, including private ownership, social rental, and cooperative models within national housing systems. By comparing socially oriented cooperative housing in Denmark, The Netherlands, and Spain, the study highlights the importance of public policies, regulations, and collective action in fostering cooperative housing development. Each country presents unique institutional environments that shape the growth of cooperative sectors. The research aims to promote mutual learning among policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the need for alternatives to the commercialized and often unaffordable private housing markets. Ultimately, the findings advocate for cooperative housing as a means to enhance socio-spatial cohesion and address the pressing challenges of contemporary housing crises.

2022

Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung

The publication explores urban ownership and community rights, emphasizing the importance of collective engagement in city governance.

The publication "Who owns our cities?" by Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung explores the dynamics of urban ownership and governance. It delves into the ways in which cities are shaped by various stakeholders, including governments, private developers, and citizens. The work emphasizes the importance of understanding who holds power over urban spaces and the implications this has for social equity and public participation. By examining case studies and different approaches to urban management, the publication aims to provoke thought and discussion about the future of cities and the role that community engagement plays in shaping public spaces. The insights provided encourage readers to reflect on their own cities and the ownership structures that influence daily life, ultimately advocating for a more inclusive and democratic approach to urban development.

Authors:

2022

TEMA

This article discusses current trends and issues in the housing market, providing insights into challenges and opportunities for buyers.

The housing market has been experiencing significant changes in recent years, influenced by various economic and social factors. Rising property prices, driven by high demand and limited supply, have made homeownership increasingly challenging for many individuals and families. Additionally, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted housing trends, leading to increased interest in suburban living as remote work becomes more common. This has resulted in a migration from urban areas to regions with more affordable housing options and larger living spaces. Moreover, the affordability crisis has prompted discussions about the need for more inclusive housing policies that address the needs of low- and middle-income families. As the market continues to evolve, understanding these dynamics is crucial for potential buyers, investors, and policymakers alike.

Authors:

2020

SHICC

This report explores the growth of Community Land Trusts in Europe, highlighting innovative projects and recent achievements in the model.

The report published by SHICC focuses on Urban Community Land Trusts (CLTs) in Europe, highlighting their growth and dissemination over recent years. It serves as a comprehensive overview of how the CLT model has been adopted across various European countries, showcasing innovative projects that exemplify its effectiveness. The document details significant milestones and achievements within the sector, reflecting on the impact of CLTs in promoting community-led development and affordable housing. By analyzing the various strategies employed by different initiatives, the report aims to inspire further collaboration and adaptation of the CLT model in diverse urban contexts. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of community involvement in land management and urban planning, offering valuable insights for stakeholders interested in sustainable development practices.

Authors: SHICC partners and others

2021

co-liv

The Fourth Edition of Coliving Resources offers 200 curated tools, including academic research, to enhance understanding of the coliving industry.

The Fourth Edition of Coliving Resources serves as an extensive guide for individuals and businesses interested in the coliving industry. It features over 200 carefully curated resources aimed at enhancing the understanding and growth of coliving ventures. This edition places a significant emphasis on academic insights, including 16 research papers and reports that explore the effects of shared living models across various countries. By compiling a diverse range of information, the resource equips readers with valuable knowledge and practical tools to navigate the evolving landscape of coliving. Whether for entrepreneurs, researchers, or industry professionals, this comprehensive collection aims to foster informed decision-making and promote the development of sustainable coliving practices.

Authors:

2021

Future.Lab TU Wien (Andrej Holm, Christoph Laimer)

The publication explores community living, self-organized building, and alternative housing solutions within capitalist frameworks and social economies.

The publication "Gemeinschaftliches Wohnen und Selbst-Organisiertes Bauen" explores innovative solutions to contemporary housing challenges through communal living and self-organized construction. It highlights the experiences of building groups and housing projects across various countries that have engaged in collaborative planning and developed new living formats. Notably, it focuses on initiatives that utilize self-organized planning processes, non-profit management, and collective responsibility to create communal housing forms. The publication aims to demonstrate how niches within the capitalist system can be leveraged, while also addressing broader concepts such as commons, solidarity economies, property, decommodification, and alternative financing instruments. This compilation is a product of a fellowship at TU Wien, centered on the theme of "New Social Housing," showcasing diverse approaches to housing and building within a communal context.

Andrej Holm, Christoph Laimer

2021

Germanwatch

Der Do-It-Guide bietet Ideen und Anregungen für ein nachhaltigeres Engagement im Umgang mit Ressourcen in verschiedenen Bereichen.

The document is a Do-It Guide designed to help individuals increase their "handprint" for more sustainable resource management. It provides practical ideas and suggestions for effective engagement in various areas, including building and housing, sharing and borrowing, investing, repairing, shopping, committing, and transportation. The guide aims to facilitate structural change by making engagement in specific topics more tangible, thus encouraging meaningful action. It includes a brief overview of the current situation with relevant statistics, an introduction to the Hand Print perspective, descriptions of actionable structural change levers, and inspiring examples. Additionally, it offers methodological ideas for group brainstorming, checklists for project planning, strategic engagement tips, and insights on managing personal resources in activism. This comprehensive approach equips readers with the necessary tools to contribute to a resource transition actively.

2021

A city made by people

The guide compiles insights from changemakers on building better cities, based on discussions and events within their creative network.

In 2021, a collaborative effort was made to gather insights from a network of changemakers on building a better city. This initiative stemmed from years of engagement with citizens through online content, print media, and events within a creative city network. The contributors shared their visions and expertise, resulting in a comprehensive digital guide consisting of 15 pages. This guide is designed to inspire readers by showcasing various perspectives on urban improvement from professionals in different fields. The publication emphasizes the importance of community involvement and expert input in shaping urban environments, aiming to foster a more engaged and informed citizenry in the quest for better city living.

Authors:

2021

International Cooperative Alliance (ICA)

The report explores how cooperatives can address youth challenges and enhance engagement, contributing to employment and education goals.

The report "Young people and cooperatives: a perfect match?" examines the challenges faced by youth globally and how cooperatives can address these issues. Co-produced by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) and its regional offices, the study is based on 420 responses from young individuals across 20 countries. It focuses on five key areas: employment, education, inequalities, engagement, and entrepreneurship. The report highlights the role of cooperatives in contributing to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in decent work and quality education. Strategies for increasing youth engagement in cooperatives include improving awareness, enhancing their image, and offering genuine opportunities. Additionally, case studies illustrate the positive impact of cooperatives on employment and education. The report calls for cooperatives to adapt to the digital age and become more visible as viable employment alternatives, urging them to strengthen their support for youth involvement and education in cooperative principles.

The authors of the report are not specified in the provided text.

2015

cooperatives europe

The report highlights the significant economic impact of cooperatives in Europe, creating jobs and generating substantial annual revenue.

The report titled ‘The Power of Cooperation – Cooperatives Europe Key Figures 2015’ presents an extensive analysis of the cooperative sector in Europe, compiled over an 18-month research period. It involves contributions from 40 national and sectoral experts across 34 European countries. The findings highlight the significant impact of cooperatives, which are responsible for generating over 4.7 million jobs in the region. Additionally, these organizations contribute a remarkable total annual turnover of 1,005 billion Euros to the economy. The report underscores the importance of cooperatives in fostering economic growth, community development, and social well-being, illustrating how they serve not just as businesses, but as vital components of the European socio-economic landscape. This comprehensive overview aims to provide stakeholders with valuable insights into the cooperative model and its extensive benefits within Europe.

2021

IWU / TU Darmstadt

The report analyzes housing policies in EU member states, addressing challenges, goals, and comparative structures for effective policy formulation.

The report on housing policies in the European Union outlines the diverse approaches and characteristics of national housing policies across member states. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical, regulatory, and market contexts that shape these policies. The study aims to facilitate international learning and improve information exchange among EU housing ministers and their teams. It identifies key research questions regarding responsibilities, target groups, housing provision, and the role of the EU in shaping national policies. The research consists of a two-stage expert survey, offering a comparative overview followed by detailed case studies. This comprehensive analysis seeks to uncover structural similarities and variations in housing systems while addressing challenges faced by various countries, ultimately aiming to enhance knowledge and inform future housing policy development.

IWU and TU Darmstadt and others

2023

Housing Europe

The report analyzes Europe's housing crisis, highlighting affordability issues, supply shortages, and advocating for sustainable policies and investment.

The "State of Housing in Europe 2023" report provides an in-depth analysis of housing markets and policies across the EU, highlighting a severe housing affordability crisis affecting 50 million citizens, particularly young people and low-income households. The report indicates a significant shortage of affordable housing due to slowed construction and exacerbated inequalities from the COVID-19 pandemic. It emphasizes the need for energy-efficient renovations while maintaining affordability in the housing stock. Policy recommendations include increasing investment in social housing, implementing effective rent control measures, and promoting innovative financing models. This report serves as a crucial resource for policymakers and housing professionals, offering insights and guidance to tackle the pressing challenges within the housing sector in Europe.

Housing Europe

2021

d.school Stanford

The Design Thinking Bootleg offers tools and methods for design thinking, adaptable for digital use or printed as cards.

The Design Thinking Bootleg is a versatile collection of tools and methods designed to inspire and facilitate the design thinking process. Developed by teaching team members, students, and global designers, this resource offers a deck of cards that can be used flexibly, allowing users to start with any card that resonates with them. The Bootleg includes five distinct "modes" that represent the components of design thinking, with each card color-coded to indicate its association. Users can access the Bootleg digitally or print it as a physical deck, making it accessible for various settings. The Bootleg serves as a valuable resource for anyone interested in design thinking, providing tangible examples and methods to overcome creative blocks and spark new ideas.

David Kelley, Tom Kelley, Jonathan Littman, and others

2021

BBC

This documentary explores the aftermath of the European Union's collapse, featuring interviews and commentary on political consequences and societal impact.

"The Great European Disaster Movie" is a thought-provoking documentary set in a post-European Union future where prominent figures like Nigel Farage and Marine Le Pen hold power. It explores a scenario in which Greece has defaulted on its debt and the Eurozone has disintegrated. Through a combination of carefully curated sequences and interviews with a diverse array of individuals—including commentators, politicians, and everyday citizens—the film delves into the far-reaching implications of the EU's collapse. It highlights the political, economic, and social stakes involved, painting a vivid picture of a fragmented Europe. The documentary serves as a cautionary tale about the potential fallout from the disintegration of one of the world's most significant political and economic unions, prompting viewers to reflect on the importance of unity and collaboration in addressing contemporary challenges.

Authors: Not specified

2021

NYTimes

Christoph Niemann explores the state of the European Union through visual essays, starting with London and continuing to Tallinn.

In "Dispatch from Europe," artist Christoph Niemann presents visual essays exploring the current state of the European Union for the New York Times Magazine. The series begins in London with "The Breakup," where Niemann addresses the complexities surrounding Brexit and its implications on European politics, drawing connections to historical figures and events. The narrative unfolds through captivating illustrations, aiming to clarify the chaotic political landscape. In the second chapter, "In Praise of a Normal, Boring Country," Niemann embarks on a 27-hour bus journey from Berlin to Tallinn, showcasing his insights into the Baltic states. Through these essays, Niemann not only highlights the diverse political atmospheres in Europe but also engages readers in a visual dialogue about the continent's challenges and transformations amidst shifting political tides.

Christoph Niemann

2019

AssemblePapers

The article explores co-living as a housing service, emphasizing flexibility, community, and the evolving landlord-tenant relationship in modern renting.

The article "Redesigning Renting: Housing as a Service" explores the evolution of co-living spaces and the concept of housing as a service amidst the rise of the sharing economy. It highlights how companies like WeWork are pioneering the "space-as-a-service" model, offering flexible living arrangements that cater to a new generation of renters. The article discusses the benefits and challenges of co-living, including the balance between community and individual space, and the need for innovative rental solutions that address affordability and quality. It also critiques the traditional landlord-tenant relationship and emphasizes the importance of developing shared amenities that foster social interaction. As urban areas increasingly adopt co-living models, the article argues for a more institutional approach to housing that prioritizes community and adaptability, drawing comparisons to successful models in cities like Zürich. Overall, it calls for a rethinking of the rental market in response to changing demographics and lifestyles.

Alexis Kalagas

2019

AssemblePapers

Housing co-operatives provide affordable, high-quality living solutions, emphasizing community, democracy, and sustainability in urban environments across Europe.

Housing co-operatives provide an innovative solution to the global housing crisis by prioritizing affordability and quality of life. Recognized by the United Nations, these co-operatives emerged as a self-help response to 19th-century housing challenges, emphasizing community and shared resources over profit. They offer members a secure and stable living environment with rents that cover only maintenance costs, often leading to long-term affordability. In German-speaking countries, co-operatives comprise a significant portion of the housing market, providing homes for millions. Recent initiatives highlight the potential for co-operatives to adapt to modern needs while maintaining principles of democracy and solidarity. However, challenges like rising construction costs and land scarcity persist. Successful projects, such as Spreefeld and wagnisART, demonstrate how co-operatives can foster inclusive communities by integrating social housing and ensuring equal access for all members, regardless of income.

Manuel Lutz

2020

AssemblePapers

The article explores innovative housing co-operatives in Germany and Switzerland, emphasizing affordability, community, and sustainable living practices.

The article discusses the innovative approaches to housing co-operatives in Germany and Switzerland, emphasizing their ability to provide high-quality, affordable housing through collaborative financing models. It highlights three key projects: Spreefeld in Berlin, wagnisART in Munich, and mehr als wohnen in Zürich, showcasing how they utilize a mix of equity capital and state subsidies to lower entry costs and ensure inclusivity across income levels. The emphasis on community participation and shared spaces fosters a sense of solidarity among residents, transforming housing into a collective infrastructure rather than a mere commodity. The article suggests that these co-operatives function as "living labs," exploring sustainable living while addressing the pressing question of how to maintain quality of life with less resource consumption. Ultimately, it argues for the potential of co-operatives to play a significant role in providing affordable housing solutions for the future.

Manuel Lutz

2019

AssemblePapers

The article explores alternative housing models, emphasizing community involvement, sustainability, and innovative financing in the housing market.

The article "Redesigning the Housing Market" by Andy Fergus explores alternative housing models that challenge conventional market-driven approaches. Drawing from research in cities like Berlin, the piece highlights various models that blend state funding and speculative development, emphasizing the innovative potential of these middle-ground solutions. Key examples include ethical market-based developments like the Assemble Model, where residents lease homes while saving to buy, and the Baugruppe, where residents finance their own apartment buildings collaboratively. Other models discussed are Zelfbouw, allowing individuals to design their own homes, cooperative rental housing in Zurich, and co-housing, which fosters community living and shared resources. The research underscores the impact of financing on housing quality and diversity, advocating for collaborative efforts between residents and designers to reshape living environments for better social and environmental outcomes.

Andy Fergus

2021

THE BEAM (magazine) in collaboration with St. Oberholz from Berlin

Next Generation Living is an online magazine exploring transformative changes in society, technology, and sustainable living for the future.

Next Generation Living is an online magazine that explores the dynamic intersection of change, technology, and sustainability in our lives. Published by THE BEAM in collaboration with St. Oberholz from Berlin, the magazine focuses on the individuals and organizations shaping future conversations and innovations. It highlights the impact of technological advancements on various aspects of life, including homes, transportation, communities, and work environments. As we navigate an era of rapid change, the publication aims to understand how these evolving spaces affect our daily experiences. By examining emerging trends and the commitment to sustainability, Next Generation Living provides insight into the future and the positive developments that lie ahead, emphasizing the importance of thoughtful engagement with our surroundings and the opportunities that arise from this transformative period.

2021

The Guardian with Rem Koolhaas & Stephan Petermann

Rem Koolhaas and Stephan Petermann advocate for EU membership, highlighting its benefits and costs comparable to a Netflix subscription.

In the lead-up to the EU elections, architects Rem Koolhaas and Stephan Petermann aim to reshape perceptions of the European Union through a film highlighting its value. They argue that EU membership costs approximately the same as a Netflix subscription, yet offers significant benefits. The film details various EU-funded initiatives, such as improving infrastructure, protecting biodiversity, and supporting medical research. Koolhaas emphasizes the importance of educating voters, especially young people, about the EU's positive impact, countering the prevailing narrative that often blames the EU for national issues. The film discusses nine key topics, including human rights and anti-cartel measures, and underscores the EU's role in promoting peace and environmental protection. Koolhaas, a long-time EU supporter, calls for a more constructive dialogue about Europe, advocating for its continued development and collaboration among member states as the UK moves towards its departure from the EU.

Rem Koolhaas & Stephan Petermann

2021

Bloomberg Philanthropies & OECD

This report analyzes how cities enhance innovation capacity in local government to improve public services and resident well-being.

The report titled "Enhancing Innovation Capacity in City Government," published by Bloomberg Philanthropies and the OECD, examines how cities are adapting to changing circumstances through innovation. A survey conducted across 89 cities in OECD and non-OECD countries aimed to assess the local public sector's capacity to innovate. The findings highlight the importance of various resources—human, financial, and institutional—in fostering innovation. The report delves into the strategies and objectives that local governments are implementing, including staffing structures, data utilization, financial investment, and evaluation efforts. It emphasizes the positive outcomes of these initiatives, particularly in enhancing resident well-being. By leveraging innovation, local administrations are striving to improve their responsiveness to community needs and challenges, thereby reinforcing their overall governance and service delivery.

Bloomberg Philanthropies & OECD

2019

The Guardian

Housing co-ops provide affordable, secure living options, but face challenges in addressing the broader housing crisis in the UK.

Housing cooperatives (co-ops) present a potential solution to the growing housing crisis in the UK, providing affordable and secure living arrangements for low- and middle-income individuals. Co-ops, which emerged from the squatting movement of the 1970s and 80s, allow members to pay below-market rent while actively participating in the management of their homes. The experience of members like Sophie Slater and Helima Zindiani highlights the benefits of community living, including lower costs and a greater sense of security. However, co-ops face challenges such as land availability and societal perceptions of communal living. While they offer a viable alternative to traditional renting, the need for a cultural shift towards community-oriented housing is essential for their broader acceptance. Ultimately, while housing co-ops provide a lifeline for some, they are not a comprehensive solution to the housing crisis in the UK.

Sophie Slater and others

2021

Research project of EU Horizon program

PERCEIVE research examines EU Cohesion Policy's impact on European identity, communication effectiveness, and citizens' awareness and trust in the EU.

The PERCEIVE project, part of the EU Horizon 2020 program, examines the impact of Cohesion Policy on European identity and values. It identifies eight key findings, highlighting issues such as ineffective communication of policies, which fails to generate support for the EU. Many citizens are unaware of EU policies, especially in older member states, while newer countries show greater awareness. Notably, support for the EU does not always align with Eurosceptic governments, as many citizens in such regions acknowledge the benefits of European funding. The research indicates that education and urban living positively influence identification with the EU, while perceptions of institutional quality and corruption affect trust in EU institutions. Overall, increasing awareness and effective communication are crucial for fostering support for European integration.

2021

The Housing Agency, Ireland

This report examines innovative housing solutions across Europe, emphasizing affordability, sustainability, and community well-being during challenging times.

This report by The Housing Agency, Ireland, explores social, affordable, and co-operative housing projects across Europe, focusing on case studies from Switzerland, Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark. It emphasizes the importance of providing adequate, sustainable housing to meet both current and future needs, highlighting that these challenges are not unique to Ireland. The report showcases a variety of housing types, including public projects, mixed tenure developments, and resident-led initiatives, reflecting diverse approaches to tenure integration. It argues that well-designed housing not only meets basic living requirements but also enhances community well-being and individual quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the necessity for adaptable homes that support social interaction and well-being. Ultimately, the report serves as a resource for understanding innovative housing solutions that could inform practices in Ireland.

The report does not specify any authors.

2021

Design studio anton & irene + Space10

ONE SHARED HOUSE 2030 is a research project exploring the future of co-living through an open-source collaborative survey.

ONE SHARED HOUSE 2030 is an innovative research initiative led by the design studio anton & irene in collaboration with SPACE10. The project aims to explore the future of co-living by gathering insights through a collaborative survey. This research is designed to be accessible to all, as the information collected is open-source, free to use, and completely anonymous. The initiative seeks to understand the evolving dynamics of shared living spaces and how they can be improved to meet the needs of future communities. As a follow-up to the interactive documentary ONE SHARED HOUSE, this project continues the conversation around co-living and aims to foster a deeper understanding of how people interact within shared environments. The findings from this research will be valuable for designers, urban planners, and individuals interested in the future of communal living.

anton & irene, SPACE10

2021

Greystar and Pop-Up City

This publication explores trends in urban living, Greystar's mission, and its community-oriented housing projects in Europe.

The Future of Urban Living Is Now is a publication by Greystar that explores emerging trends in the urban housing market. It highlights the company's mission to create flexible, community-oriented housing solutions across cities in continental Europe. The book serves as a comprehensive introduction to Greystar for real estate professionals, outlining key trends that are currently shaping urban living. It details the company's ongoing projects in the UK and provides insights from onsite staff, residents, and entrepreneurs at Campus Diemen Zuid. The publication emphasizes the transformation of areas previously dominated by office spaces into vibrant residential communities, particularly focusing on OurDomain Amsterdam South East. In addition to showcasing Greystar's brand values and projects, the publication looks ahead to the future, contemplating further developments and innovations in urban living.

Greystar and Pop-Up City

2021

European Commission

The document discusses urbanization trends, impacts, and challenges, highlighting population growth, environmental issues, and housing affordability in cities.

The document discusses the ongoing trends and forecasts related to urbanization, highlighting its rapid growth, particularly in developing regions. By 2050, it is projected that 68% of the world's population will live in urban areas, with cities expected to generate 80% of global economic growth. However, urbanization also poses significant challenges, including environmental degradation, housing affordability, and increased congestion. Cities are responsible for a substantial portion of global greenhouse gas emissions and waste production, necessitating urgent solutions for sustainable management. Housing markets in many European cities are becoming increasingly unaffordable, with many residents spending a large portion of their income on housing. The document emphasizes the need for effective governance and innovative solutions to address the complexities of urban living, ensuring cities remain livable and sustainable as they continue to grow.

2021

The Green European Foundation (GEF)

This course provides an introduction to the EU and green activism, targeting young Europeans and the general public.

The "EU for Beginners" course, published by The Green European Foundation (GEF), is designed to introduce participants to the European Union and its current challenges. Aimed at young Europeans and the general public, the course offers an engaging way to learn about European activism and Green initiatives. Participants will explore the workings of the EU through various formats, including videos, interactive activities, and a case study. The course not only provides foundational knowledge about the EU but also encourages individuals to connect with others interested in making a positive impact. By the end of the course, learners will be equipped with the skills and insights necessary to engage in meaningful discussions and collaborations related to European issues and activism.

Authors: The Green European Foundation

2021

European Culture Foundation

"Commons: Between Dreams and Reality" explores cooperation's impact on political, economic realities, focusing on commons' transformative potential and challenges.

Commons: Between Dreams and Reality explores the impact of cooperation and collective actions on political and economic landscapes. It emphasizes the significance of commons and commoning practices, analyzing their growth factors, transformative potential, and the challenges they encounter. The publication unites contributions from various authors who examine the relationship between commons and their local environments, considering how they can be instrumental for the economic sustainability of culture. A key focus is on child participation and the integration of cultural and educational spaces within communities. The book aims to provide insights into how commons are engaged by institutions and communities in policy-making and daily practices. It is a vital output of the European Cultural Creative Spaces and Cities (CCSC) project, which seeks to enhance active participation in cultural initiatives and contribute to cultural policy recommendations presented to the European Commission in February 2021.

Pascal Gielen, Marjolein Cremer, Maria Francesca De Tullio, Violante Torre, and others

2021

Eutropian

The book discusses innovative community finance methods for creating resilient, inclusive local communities through various citizen initiatives and cooperatives.

"Funding the Cooperative City" delves into innovative approaches to real estate development driven by citizen initiatives and community-centric organizations. The book highlights the roles of cooperatives, non-profits, community land trusts, and ethical banks in creating new mechanisms for accessing and developing properties. Through a series of interviews and analyses, it outlines various trends and contexts while showcasing success stories and models of community finance and civic economy. This resource is invaluable not only for community organizations and civic space initiators but also for private developers and public entities such as municipalities and EU institutions. By fostering collaboration and support, the book aims to inspire the creation of more resilient and inclusive local communities, facilities, and services.

Authors:

2021

Springer Open

The book examines social innovations addressing urban challenges, focusing on unemployed youth, single parents, and migrants across Europe.

The book "Social Innovations in the Urban Context" examines the practice of social innovation as a response to pressing societal challenges, particularly during economic crises. It emphasizes the need for new ideas to address complex issues faced by contemporary societies. Despite significant research advancements in understanding social innovation, systematic analysis remains incomplete. The authors pose critical questions regarding the nature of social innovations, patterns observed at the local level, and their relationship with urban governance. The analysis focuses on social innovations aimed at assisting young unemployed individuals, single parents, and migrants. Utilizing various data types and methods, the research draws on original studies conducted between 2010 and 2013 across 20 cities in 10 European countries, providing insights into the conditions that facilitate or hinder the emergence and dissemination of social innovations.

The authors are not specified in the provided text.

2021

EU Joint Research Center

The Handbook offers guidance for implementing sustainable urban strategies, targeting local authorities and stakeholders within the EU's cohesion policy framework.

The "Handbook of Sustainable Urban Development Strategies" is a comprehensive resource aimed at assisting local authorities and stakeholders in implementing integrated urban strategies within cohesion policy. It serves as a policy learning tool tailored to diverse territorial and administrative contexts, offering practical suggestions for addressing challenges in strategy design and implementation. The Handbook outlines six key building blocks essential for sustainable urban development: strategic dimension, territorial focus, governance, cross-sectoral integration, funding and finance, and monitoring. It is a collaborative effort by the European Commission’s Directorates-General for Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC), enriched by contributions from policymakers, practitioners, and scholars. Additionally, the Handbook utilizes data from STRAT-Board, an online tool showcasing sustainable urban development strategies implemented from 2014 to 2020.

EU Joint Research Center and others

2021

EconPOL

The report analyzes European identity's role in integration and proposes measures to enhance it amidst declining public support.

The ECONPol Policy Report explores the concept of ‘European identity’ as essential for enhancing European integration, especially in light of declining public support for the EU. The authors, Sarah Ciaglia, Clemens Fuest, and Friedrich Heinemann, argue that fostering a European identity can complement national identities and promote cooperative behavior among member states. The report categorizes measures to promote this identity into ‘civic’ and ‘cultural’ types, as well as considering their legitimacy-creating functions. It provides a comprehensive overview of trends and determinants influencing European identity and outlines six detailed proposals for its promotion, including transnational party lists, an EU Citizens’ Assembly, and a ‘European Waltz’ program. Ultimately, the report emphasizes the importance of a shared European identity for strengthening trust and cooperation within the EU, especially in the wake of challenges like Brexit.

Sarah Ciaglia, Clemens Fuest, Friedrich Heinemann